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| Bibliography |
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 Ethical aspects |
| Social debate |
| Benefits and risks |
| Legal aspects |
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Social debate
Xenotransplantation is surrounded by profound ethical issues, both for the potential recipients and for the society as a whole. Concurrent with increased scientific interest, there has been an increasing number of quantitative public opinion surveys conducted about xenotransplantation in the last decade. The purpose of some of the articles included in this section is to analyse ethics in participatory technology assessment, from different perspectives. The articles also assess some factors that delimit the controversial points in this subject and some of them review the questions that might play a role in influencing attitude to xenotransplantation: the consideration of receiving cells and tissue from xenotransplants in relation to whole xeno-organs; the fact that there is greater uncertainty regarding the result and risk of infection associated with xenotransplantation than with allotransplantation, etc. They also describe the attitude to research on xenotransplantation, and the relationship between the attitude to receiving a xenotransplant and an allotransplant.
2009
Cozzi E, Bosio E, Seveso M, Rubello D, Ancona E. Xenotransplantation as a model of integrated, multidisciplinary research. 2009, Organogenesis, 5(1):288-96.
Rubaltelli E, Burra P, Canova D, Germani G, Tomat S, Ancona S, Cozzi E, Rumiati R. People's attitude toward xenotransplantation: affective reactions and the influence of the evaluation context. 2009, Xenotransplantation, 16(3):129-34.
2007
RÍOS, A.; RAMÍREZ, P.; MARTÍNEZ, L.; JARVIS, N.; SÁNCHEZ, J.; RODRÍGUEZ, M. M.; ALCARAZ, J.; MONTOYA, M. J.; PARRILLA, P., "British citizens in a regional community of southeastern Spain with a pre-clinical organ xenotransplantation program. A study of attitude toward xenotransplantation", Xenotransplantation, vol. 14, May 2007, pp. 255-264.
RÍOS, A.; RAMÍREZ, P.; MARTÍNEZ-ALARCÓN, L.; PARRILLA, P., "Level of acceptance of a clinical xenotransplantation program among personnel in solid organ transplant-related services", Xenotransplantation, vol. 14, May 2007, pp. 271-272
2006
CONESA, C.; RÍOS, A.; RAMÍREZ, P.; SÁNCHEZ, J.; SÁNCHEZ, E.; RODRÍGUEZ, M. M.; MARTÍNEZ, L.; FERNÁNDEZ, O. M.; RAMOS, F.; MONTOYA, M. J.; PARRILLA, P., "Attitudes of Primary Care Professionals in Spain Toward Xenotransplantation", Transplantation Proceedings, vol. 38, April 2006, pp. 853-857.
RÍOS, A.; CONESA, C.; RAMÍREZ, P.; GALINDO, P. J.; RODRÍGUEZ, M. M.; MARTÍNEZ, L; MONTOYA, M. J.; RODRÍGUEZ, J. M.; PARRILLA, P., "Hospital personnel faced with organ xenotransplantation: an attitudinal survey in a hospital with a pre-clinical liver xenotransplantation program", Xenotransplantation, vol. 13, 5, September 2006, pp. 447-454
2005
"Draft reports for public comment from the US Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Xenotransplantation", Xenotransplantation, vol. 12, July 2005, pp. 255-257.
BUCHER, Pascal; MOREL, Philippe; BÜHLER, Leo H., "Xenotransplantation : an update on recent progress and future perspectives", Transplant International, vol. 18, August 2005, pp. 894-901.
DESCHAMPS, Jack-Yves; ROUX, Françoise A.; SAÏ, Pierre; GOUIN, Edouard., "History of xenotransplantation", Xenotransplantation, vol. 12, 2, March 2005, pp. 91-109.
MICHAEL, Mike; BROWN, Nik., "Scientific citizenships: self-representations of xenotransplantation’s publics", Science as Culture, vol. 14, 5/6, March 2005, pp. 39-57.
RAVELINGIEN, An., "The world is my patient: A discussion of Martine Rothblatt’s Your Life or Mine: How Geoethics can resolve the conflict between public and private interests in xenotransplantation", Xenotransplantation, vol. 12, 2, March 2005, pp. 88-90.
2004
CARLSSON, H. E.; HAGELIN, J.; HAU, J., "Implementation of the ‘Three Rs’ in biomedical research", Veterinary Record: Journal of the British Veterinary Association, Vol. 154, 15, 2004, pp. 467-470.
HAGELIN, J., "Public opinion surveys about xenotransplantation", Xenotransplantation, vol. 11, November 2004, pp. 551-558.
PARIS, Monique C. J.; SNOW, Melanie; COX, Shae-Lee; SHAW, Jill M., "Xenotransplantation: a tool for reproductive biology and animal conservation?", Theriogenology, vol. 61, 2-3, January 2004, p. 277-291.
ROTHBLATT, Martine., Your Life or Mine: How Geoethics Can Resolve The Conflict Between Public and Private Interests In Xenotransplantation, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2004.
SYKES, Megan; SANDRIN, Mauro; COZZI, Emanuele., "International cooperation on xenotransplantation", Nature Medicine, vol. 10, February 2004, p. 119.
2003
CROSBY, N., "The Citizens Jury Process and Environmental Decisions", in SEXTON, K., BURKHARDT, T.D. (eds.), Better Environmental Decisions, Strategies for Governments, Business and Communities, 2003.
PERSSON, Marie Omnell; PERSSON, Nils H; RANSTAM, Jonas; HERMERÉN, Göran., "Xenotransplantation public perceptions: rather cells than organs", Xenotransplantation, vol. 10, January 2003, pp. 72-79.
SYKES, Megan; SANDRIN, Mauro; D'APICE, Anthony., "Guidelines for xenotransplantation", New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 349, 3, 2003, pp. 1294-1295
2002
IVINSON, Adrian J.; BACH, Fritz H., "The xenotransplantation question: public consultation is an important part of the answer", Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 167, 1, 2002, pp. 42-43.
2001
BROWN, N.; MICHAEL, M., "Switching Between Science and Culture in transpecies Transplantation", Science, Technology and Human Values, vol. 26, 1, 2001, pp. 3-22.
GREENSTEIN, Julia L. and HENK-JAN Schuurman. "Solid Organ Xenotransplantation: Progress, Promise and Regulatory Issues", Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, 8.1, 2001, pp. 15-29.
HOUDEBINE, Louis-Marie, Los transgénicos. Verdades y mentiras sobre los organismos genéticamente modificados, Salvat Editories, S. A., Barcelona, 2001.
IVINSON, ADRIAN J., "Society’s stake in xenotransplantation", Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 76, September 2001, pp. 331-332.
LÓPEZ GUERRERO, José Antonio, ¿Qué es un transgénico? (Y las madres que lo parieron...), Equipo Sirius, S. A., Madrid, 2001.
TOLEDO-PEREYRA, Luis H.; MEYER, Harriet S.; MORSE, David H., "Xenotransplantation", Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 285, 5, 2001, pp. 658-660.
"Website of the week: xenotransplantation", British Medical Journal, vol. 322, 7301, 2001, p. 1552.
2000
APPEL III, J. ; AWAYN, I. ; COOPER, D., "Xenotransplantation: The challenge to current psychosocial attitudes", Progress in Transplantation, vol. 10, 4, 2000, pp. 217-225.
COOPER, D. ; LANZA, R., Xeno: The Promise of transplanting Animal Organs into humans, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000.
ESPONDA, Pedro, Seres del futuro. De la fecundación in vitro a los clónicos y transgénicos, Ediciones Libertarias/Prodhufi, S. A., Madrid, 2000.
MATESANZ ACEDOS, Rafael, "Los trasplantes de órganos y tejidos: una mirada al futuro", en PALACIOS, Marcelo (Coord.), Bioética 2000, Ediciones Nobel, S. A., Oviedo, 2000, pp. 313-324.
MESLIN, F.; WITT, C., "Xenogreffes et Sante Publique: perspectives politiques internationals", Pathologie Biologie, vol. 48, 4, 2000, pp. 450-452.
MIRANDA, Blanca, "Xenotrasplante", Compromisos con el futuro del Proyecto Genoma Humano, S. Grisolía (Ed.), Fundación BBV, Bilbao, 2000.
URRUELA MORA, Asier, "Nuevas aportaciones de la genética al trasplante: xenotrasplante", ALCER, nº 118, 2000.
"Xenotransplantation debate", The Lancet, vol. 355, 9201, 2000, pp. 407-408.
1999
"US guidelines on xenotransplantation", Nature Medicine, vol. 5, 5, May 1999, p. 465.
BIRMINGHAM, Karen., "WHO hosts Web discussion on xenotransplantation policy", Nature Medicine, vol. 5, June 1999, p. 595.
BROWN, N., "Debates in xenotransplantation: on the Consequences of Contradiction", New Genetics and Society, vol. 18, 2, 1999, pp. 181-196.
CHESS, C; PURCELL, K., "Public participation and the environment: do we know what works?", Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 33, No. 16, 1999, pp. 2685-2692.
DERENGE, S.; BARTUCCI, M. R., "Issues surrounding Xenotransplantation", AORN Journal, vol. 70, 3, September 1999,
pp. 428-432.
ENGELS, Eve-Marie, "Xenotrasplantation: a doubtful prospect", Biologist, 46, 1999.
GROTH, CARL G.; COOPER, DAVID K. C., "The International Xenotransplantation Association: The first section of the Transplantation Society", Xenotransplantation, vol. 6, November 1999, pp. 225-231.
HANSON, MARK J.; RUSSOW, LILLY-MARLENE., "A Xenotransplantation Protocol", Hastings Center Report, vol. 29, 6, November/December 1999, pp. 22-25
HÜSING, Bärbel y REY, Lucienne, "El xenotrasplante bajo todas sus suturas", Mundo Científico, 203, julio/agosto 1999, pp. 46-53.
JULVEZ, Jean; TUPPIN, Philippe; COHEN, Sophie., "Survey in France of response to xenotransplantation", Lancet, vol. 353, 9154, 1999, p. 726-730.
LUNDIN, Susan., "The Boundless Body: Cultural Perspectives on Xenotransplantation", Journal of Anthropology, vol. 64, 1, March 1999, pp. 5-31.
MILLET, Annette, "¿Humanizar a los cerdos?", Mundo Científico, 203, julio/agosto 1999, pp. 54-55.
SCHICKTANZ, Silke / ENGELS, Eve-Marie / LOTTER, Gisela, "Are New Developments in Biotechnology about to Revolutionise Transplantation Medicine?" (Editorial), Biomedical Ethics, vol. 4, nº 3, 1999, pp. 73-115
WELIN, Stellan.; PERSSON, Anders., "Public Reactions to xenotransplantation", Science Studies, Centre Research Ethics, Goteborg U, Sweden, vol. 12, 1, June 1999, pp. 70-83
WHITEHEAD, J.; PATTERSON, A.; MOULTON, A., "Development of databases and registries: International issues. In Xenotransplantation: Scientific Frontiers and Public Policy", Annals of the New York Academy of Science, vol. 862, 1999,
pp. 217-222.
1998
JULVEZ, J., "The need for international Sharing and reporting in Xenotransplantation", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 862, 1998, pp. 214-216.
WEISS, Robin A., "Science, medicine, and the future Xenotransplantation", British Medical Journal, vol. 317, 1998, pp. 931-934
1997
BARNARD, Neal D. y KAUFMAN, Stephen R., "Una investigación despilfarradora y engañosa", Investigación y Ciencia, núm. 247, abril de 1997, pp. 66-69.
BOTTING, Jack H. y MORRISON, Adrian R., "La experimentación animal, imprescindible para la medicina", Investigación y Ciencia, núm. 247, abril de 1997, pp. 69-72.
BRENT, L., A history of Transplantation Immunology, San Diego, Academic Press, 1997.
CDC/ATSDR (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) Committee on Community Engagement (1997). Principles of Community Engagement. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
FANO, Alix., Lethal Laws: Animal Testing, Human Health and Environmental Policy, London, Zed Books, 1997.
MUKERJEE, Madhusree, "Tendencias en la investigación animal", Investigación y Ciencia, núm. 247, abril de 1997, pp. 74-83.
WALKER, Paulette V., "Regulating research on xenotransplantation proves difficult for government", Chronicle of Higher Education, vol. 43, 1997, pA24.
1996
EDEN, S., "Public participation in environmental policy: considering scientific, counter-scientific and non-scientific contributions",
Public Understand Science No. 5, 1996, pp. 183-204.
LAFOLLETTE, Hugh, and SHANKS, Niall. Brute Science: Dilemmas of Animal Experimentation, London/New York, Routledge, 1996.
MARSHALL, P. A. / THOMASMA, D. V., / DAAR, A. S., "Marketing Human Organs: The Autonomy Paradox", Theoretical Medicine,
Vol. 17, 1, 1996, pp. 1-18.
WADMAN, Meredith., "Xenotransplantation trials ‘should proceed but need guidelines’", Nature, vol. 382, 6588, 1996, pp. 197
1995
BRENT, L., History of Transplantation Immunology, Academic Press, San Diego, 1997.
CHESS, C, SALOMONE K, et al., "Results of a national symposium on risk communication: next steps for government agencies."
Risk Analysis, Vol.15, No. 2, pp. 115-125.
CROSBY, N., "Citizen juries, one solution for difficult environmental questions", in RENN, O., WEBLER, T., WIEDEMANN, P. (eds.), Fairness and Competence in Citizen Participation, Evaluating Models for Environmental Discourse, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1995, pp. 157-174.
TOURAINE, J. L., et al. (eds.), Organ Shortage: The Solutions, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1995.
1989
GOLDBERG, Alan M. y FRAZIER, John M., "Opciones alternativas al uso de animales de laboratorio", Investigación y Ciencia,
núm. 157, octubre de 1989, pp. 10-17.
"Xenotransplantation debate", The Lancet, vol. 355, 9201, 2000, pp. 407-408.
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